主題十一：種瓜得瓜
11.1)種瓜得瓜（理論）-- 2026.08.01「種瓜得瓜」比喻種什麼收什麼，做了什麼事，就會得到什麼樣的結果。強調「因果關係」與「天道酬勤」。無論是在工作、學習或為人處世上，付出多少努力或善行，就會有相應的回報或後果。原為佛教用語，見於《涅槃經》，意指種瓜得瓜，種李得李，喻指因果報應。
【來源：Aperçu IA】
「種瓜得瓜」的哲學 created with AI
如果我們看到別人受苦，並不代表他罪有應得。born blind
馮夢龍(1574—1646）:喻世明言．卷二九．32.《月明和尚度柳翠》
這日正值柳翠西湖上游耍剛回，聽得化緣和尚聲口不俗，便教丫鬟喚入中堂，問道：「師父，你有何本事，來此化緣？」
法空長老道：「貧僧沒甚本事，只會說些因果。」
柳翠問道：「
法空長老道：「
馮夢龍(1574—1646）: 灌園叟晚逢仙女 醒世恆言 - 第四卷, 20-68
Feng Menglong 馮夢龍(1574—1646）- The gardener met a fairy in his later years ,灌園叟晚逢仙女 Stories to Awaken the World (醒世恆言),Chapter 4,20-68
凌濛初（1580—1644）初刻拍案驚奇 - 第四十卷，5-13, 華陰道獨逢異客
博尔赫斯(Jorge Luis Borges 1899-1986):另一個我
Jorge Luis Borges(1899-1986):The Other
(故事講述的是一個20歲的年輕人照鏡子，看到現在的自己。他問了一些關於已經發生的未來的問題。)
耶穌、保羅、雅各、以及佛教對於「因果」的論述 - 聖經研究所
黃啟江(1949-)：佛教因果論的中國化（哈伯威廉史密斯學院亞洲語言文化系教授）- 中華佛學學報
原罪神學 - 果性原罪 - 神學辭典
張智皓：雙果律 the Doctrine of Double Effect - (屏東科技大學通識教育中心助理教授 - 華文哲學百科)
雙果律 PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT - 神學辭典
The principle of double effect justifies actions that cause a foreseen bad side effect (e.g., pain, death) while aiming for a good goal, provided the harm is unintended, proportionate, and not the means to the good end. Examples include administering high-dose pain medication that hastens death, performing life-saving surgeries during pregnancy, and tactical military strikes. Reddit +4
Key examples of the principle of double effect include:
Palliative Care/Pain Relief: A doctor administers a high dose of morphine to a terminal patient to manage severe pain, knowing this may accelerate the patient's death. The action is justified because the intention is to alleviate pain, not cause death.
Surgery During Pregnancy: A doctor removes a cancerous uterus to save a pregnant woman's life, which results in the unintended, foreseen death of the fetus. The intent is to save the mother, not kill the fetus.
Tactical Bombing in War: A military force targets an enemy munitions depot, knowing that civilian casualties may occur nearby. The action is permissible because the goal is destroying the target, not killing civilians. Self-Defense: A person uses lethal force to defend themselves from a mortal threat, intending to stop the attacker rather than kill them. The attacker's death is a foreseen but unintended consequence.
Trolley Problem: A bystander flips a switch to divert a runaway trolley away from five people, causing it to kill one person on a side track. The intention is to save the five, not kill the one.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy +7
Conditions for the Principle to Apply
According to Wikipedia and other sources, for an action to be considered permissible under this principle, it must meet several criteria:
Wikipedia +1 The action itself must be good or morally neutral.
The agent must intend only the good effect, not the evil one.
The evil effect cannot be the means to the good effect.
There must be a proportionally grave reason for permitting the evil effect.
雨思 YUSI:輪迴 THE WHEEL OF DESTINY, 山中雜詩 mountain verses,頁44-45
「偉大的人類 Magnifica humanitas」- 教宗良十四世的首份通諭
127,128:The authentic “more than human”: grace and Christian humanism
115-117:Underlying narratives: transhumanism and posthumanism