Objective statement

Simple Sentences

1. Objective Statements

1.1 POSITIVE

　 To express an action which happens in the present
　 -> Present tense (also for proverbs and for past actions)
　 Linguam Latinam disco. Fortes fortuna adiuvat.Populus concurrit.

　 To express an action which happens habitually in the past
　 -> Imperfect tense
　 Rex filiam habebat pulcherrimam. Amicum cottidie adibam.

　 To express an action that happened at a certain moment in the past
　 -> Perfect tense
　 Veni, vidi, vici. Exegi monumentum aere perennius. Gallia omnis divisa est in partes tres.

　 -> Present infinitive
　 Igni perterriti omnes fugere. Complete vias. Sterni per agros.

　 To express the present result of an action in the past
　 -> Perfect tense
　

　 To express an action in the past which had happened before antoher action in the past
　 -> Pluperfect tense
　 Fuerat inimicus. Postea amicus est factus.

　 To express an action which will happen in the future
　 -> Future tense
　 Erunt primi novissimi.

　 To express an action which will have happened before another action in the future
　 -> Future perfect tense
　 Cum cenavero, ambulabo.

　

1.2 NEGATIVE

1.2.1 Negative adverbs

Non: negates verb, clause
Non possum plura scribere

Haud : negates adjectiave, adverb
Haud mirabile est.

minime, haudquaquam, nequaquam : negates statement
Hoc at te minime pertinet.
Haudquaquam semper fortuna est secunda.
Nequaquam gaudeo.

ne . . . quidem : negates a word
Ne auro quidem vir honestus corrumpitur.

numquam : negates time
Tempus elapsum numquam revertitur

nusquam : negates place
Fratrem nusquam invenio.

nullo modo : negates manner
Nullo modo id possum credere.

nescio, nolo, nequeo : the negative adverb is part of the verb
Pisces ire nequeunt.

1.2.2 Negative pronouns and adjectives

nemo (person)
Nemo sine vitio est.

neuter (persons or things) Neuter consulum bello abesse potuit.

nihil (things) Nihil sub sole novum.

nullus –a –um
Nullus dorum metus, nullum iusiurandum, nulla religio ei fuit.

1.2.3 Double NEGATIVE means POSITIVE

1.3 INTERROGATIVE

1.3.1 Particles

-ne : No presumption
Vivitne pater? Vivit. Non vivit.

nonne : Presumes positive answer
Nonne meministi? Memini.

num : Presumes negative answer
Num latine scit? Minime.

utrum ... an : Presumes to choose an answer among two
Postrema syllaba utrum brevis est an longa?

utrum ... anon : Presumes to answer yes or no
Utrum postrema syllaba brevis est annon?

1.3.2 Pronouns and adjectives

quis, quid (no feminine); quisname, quidnam (with wonder) : Pronoun
Quis hic loquitur? Quid prodest? Quisnam me miserum adiuvabit?

qui, quae, quod; quinam, quaenam, quondam (with wonder) : Adjective
Qui vir hic loquitur? Quae mulier hic loquitur?

uter, utra, utrum : Among two
Uter consulum occisus est?

quails -e : Quality
Qualis orator est ille?

quantus –a –um : Size
Quantam fidem habes?

quot (ask for cardinal numbers) : Quantity
Quot estis?

quotus –a –um (ask for ordinal numbers) : Order
Quota hora est?

quoteni –ae –a (ask for distributive numbers) : How many each
Per quotenas horas singulis diebus linguam Latinam discis?

cuias, cuiatis : origin
Cuiates estis?

quanti : Price
Quanti panem emisti?

1.3.3 Adverbs

ubi : Where
Ubi patera nunc est?

quo : Where to
Quo vadis?

unde : From where
Unde iste amor tam improvisus venit?

quando : When
Quando te videbo?

quamdiu : How long
Quamdiu apud nos manebis?

quousque : Until when
Quousque abuteris patientia nostra?

quotiens : How often
Quotiens auxilium petivisti?

quomodo, ut : How
Quomodo dormivisti? Ut vales?

cur, quare : Why
Cur irasceris? Quarae me vocas?

Source: Milena Minkova "Introduction to Latin Prose Composition", Wimbledon Publishing Company, London:2001.

　